Colombia has Venezuela and Brazil on its eastern border, Ecuador and Peru lies to the south, the Atlantic Ocean and the Carribean Sea towards the north and the Pacific Ocean is towards the west. Colombia enjoys maritime borders with Jamaica, Haiti as well as the Dominican Republic and the countries like Honduras, Costa Rica and Nicaragua in Central America.

On August 7, 1819, the Colombian army waged the last battle at Boyaca's bridge in which they won over the Spanish army. The Colombian people put up a brave front under the leadership of Simon Bolivar despite the fact that they had only simple weapons like knives, spades and lances while the Spanish army was well-equipped with guns, cannons, rifles, soldiers and horses.

In Colombia, two independence days are celebrated on separate days. The first one falls on the 20th of July to commemorate the earliest attempt to get independence from Spain in 1810. The second day falls on August 7th. This was the day in 1819 that Simon Bolivar’s army achieved the crucial victory over the Spanish in Boyaca.

However, by the year 1830, Gran Colombia collapsed with secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. The present day Colombia along with Panama came to be known as the Republic of New Granada. The nation began experimenting with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858) and afterwards the United States of Colombia (1863), prior to it being declared the Republic of Colombia in the year 1886. Panama was seceded in the year 1903.

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