The pre- Columbian era had its birth more than 13,000 years back. It was back then that the original settlement by the Chibcha, sub-Andean, and Caribbean people happened. They were the agricultural communities and by 1500s, Chibcha became the most advanced among the indigenous people.

It was in 1499 that the earliest Spanish expedition happened in the Guajira Peninsula. The original permanent settlement Santa María la Antigua de Darién was founded by the Colonists in 1510. Santa Fe de Bogotá—presently called Bogotá, which is the present capital of Colombia came to be founded by the Spanish people in 1538. Thereafter it came to be Viceroyalty of New Granada’s capital in 1717.

The years between 1796 and 1806 were characterized by several intense conflicts with regard to new government/governments. The consistent fights between federalists and the centralists gave birth to an era of instability called la Patria Boba (the Foolish Fatherland). After the conquest of southern Spain by Napoleon in May 1810, certain regions like Quito, Gran Colombia, Paraguay and Venezuela came to set up their independent governments. On August 7, 1819, ties were severed with Spain after the defeat of the Spanish at the Battle of Boyacá to establish the Republic of Greater Colombia (Gran Colombia). After the adoption of the 1886 constitution, the country was renamed the Republic of Columbia.

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