The area has supported hunting, herding, and farming cultures for centuries and the people living in the area has Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek, Byzantine, Roman, Indian, Chinese and Persian influences. When the holy book Qur’an was revealed by Allah to his chosen prophet, Muhammad in 610 A.D., the peninsula became predominantly Moslem. With the Arabs being inspired by their newfound faith, they expanded out of the Middle East spreading their language and their religion. The Arabian empire soon reached the rest of the Atlantic to Central Asia to some parts of Europe. The Moslem Arab civilization thrived for centuries and was not affected in terms of economic and social growth even during the Middle Ages. Only the western civilizations suffered during this eclipse while the Arabs were advancing in terms of knowledge and stability during these times.

The Arabic nations made very important contributions to physics, chemistry, optics, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, philosophy and literature. The Arabs are the ones who invented algebra –algebra in fact is Arabic since the word “algebra” comes from an Arabic term.

The decline of the Arabic empire started in the 13th century when Mongols started invading the eastern Arabic lands. The Saudi Arabia we know today begins with Ibn Saud, a monarch whose family reigned over the Arabian nations in the early part of the 19th century. In the dawn of the 20th century, Turks invaded a part of the Arabian territory while a rival house drove away the Al-Sauds from Riyadh. In the year 1902, Ibn Saud recaptured Riyadh and started his mission to unify the nation. He was proclaimed king in 1927 and the Arabic lands became the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia three years later.

Five years after establishing itself as a nation, Saudi Arabia experienced a rapid economic development through the discovery of oil in its deserts. Today, the country is one of the most prominent Arabic nations in the world and is a world leader in terms of oil production and distribution.

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