The reason for these plants to thrive is the underwater fountains. These fountains are also responsible for keeping the land succulent in the biosphere.

These underground fountains or water sources are just unique to the Karoo Biome. The Karoo region stretches all the way from the western coast of Namibia into South Africa. The region which stretches into Namibia is called the Nama Karoo. The Namaqua land is a part of Namibia domain and it is made up of several sub regions. It is mainly covered with fog and receives rains in winters. The Southern Karoo region is an escarpment.

There are three perennial rivers in this region which originate in the west and in wet areas. The earliest animals like elephants, rhinos and hippopotamuses were found here. Their fossils from before ice age also have been found on the river beds, and that is why the entire Karoo region has been declared as a UNESCO world heritage site.

The Orange or the Gariep River is the longest perennial river of South Africa. It happens to be the main source of water for the valley.

The Oilfant River comes from the Cape Fold Mountains. The Olifant Grout comes from Little Karoo.

The Sperregebiet area of Karoo has been sealed because of the diamonds found here. One can only enter after seeking and getting the necessary permission. This is the top natural reserve of the area.

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